provincial center for the emperor cult and boasted a magnificent temple erected to the Flavian emperors (Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian). Paul visited Ephesus briefly near the end of his second missionary journey (Acts 18:19–21) and made it his primary base of teaching on his third missionary journey (Acts 19:1–20:1; cf. Acts 20:17–38). Jesus identifies himself as the one who holds the seven stars in his right hand and who walks among the seven golden lampstands (2:1; cf. 1:12, 16). This self-designation,
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